DR GREG LITTLE For more information on books by Dr Gregory Little go to www.mysterious-america.net CAN GENETICS SOLVE THE MYSTERY OF ATLANTIS AND MU?
In addition, it will present evidence from both mDNA and human DNA research showing that an extremely ancient people migrated from the South Pacific region in two migrational waves beginning circa 50,000 B.C. All of these findings support Edgar Cayce's chronology of the ancient world. For 70 years American archaeology has been dominated by a "Holy Writ" of beliefs that few professionals have dared to challenge. These beliefs, presented as indisputable facts by the American academic community, include the following: 1) That all the ancestors of Native populations in the Americas migrated from Siberian Asia starting no earlier than 9,500 B.C., 2) prior to 9,500 B.C. no humans resided anywhere in the Americas, 3) ocean voyages were impossible prior to circa A.D. 1000, 4) no one else entered the Americas from the end of the last Ice Age until 1492 (with a single exception of the Norse), and 5) North America was settled before South America. A series of discoveries beginning in 1997 showed that every major idea comprising the "American Holy Writ" to be false. These discoveries began with hard evidence from excavations, but in 1997 ongoing genetic research on American Indian tribes took an unexpected turn and subsequently threw American archaeology into a turmoil, which still continues. Starting in the late 1980s, geneticists researching diabetes and obesity began testing members of American tribes and collecting samples of mitochondrial DNA. The mitochondria are microscopic organelles and hundreds to thousands of them reside in virtually every cell of the body. Mitochondria convert dietary glucose into a usable energy form called ATP. The mitochondria are believed to be an adapted strain of bacteria that formed a symbiotic relationship allowing multicelled life to develop. As bacteria, mitochondria carry their own DNA. The early research on Native American Indians' mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) showed that four mutational variations of mDNA had developed over thousands of years. These types were called "haplogroups" and were labelled A, B, C, and D. Geneticists then discovered that haplogroups A, C, and D were also present in Siberian tribes and that B was found in parts of China and Japan. But in 1997, another haplogroup was found in Native American Indians. Because this type couldn't be found in Siberia, it was called "X." Presently there are 42 major haplogroups known to exist and virtually every region of the world has had research published on living populations. But because mDNA is often preserved for extremely long periods of time, geneticists began testing for mDNA types in remains recovered from mounds, cemeteries, and ancient burials around the world. Literally thousands of studies have now been published on mDNA. One of the most interesting
and useful aspects of mDNA is that its rate of mutation is relatively
rapid. Geneticists have been able, through astonishing methods, to trace
the movements of ancient people who migrated from place to place by
working their way back through each mutational strain and matching the
findings to ancient remains. Thus, mDNA provides a "time machine"
look at the ancient past. However, because mDNA is passed from mother
to offspring, mDNA provides a look at only the female lineage.
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